diff --git a/papers/project_paper_1_relativity/armada_3_jmp/paper_1c_math_JMP.pdf b/papers/project_paper_1_relativity/armada_3_jmp/paper_1c_math_JMP.pdf
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/papers/project_paper_1_relativity/armada_3_jmp/paper_1c_math_JMP.pdf
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:0acb9772a3ca8dcc47b2dd4ebdef20099541ce36f53bcf4209c040966cc44392
+size 228127
diff --git a/papers/project_paper_1_relativity/armada_3_jmp/paper_1c_math_JMP.tex b/papers/project_paper_1_relativity/armada_3_jmp/paper_1c_math_JMP.tex
index 66f9a30b..a1d60b34 100644
--- a/papers/project_paper_1_relativity/armada_3_jmp/paper_1c_math_JMP.tex
+++ b/papers/project_paper_1_relativity/armada_3_jmp/paper_1c_math_JMP.tex
@@ -96,9 +96,9 @@ The retarded Green's function $G_R(x, x')$ satisfies
 Because the graph is directed and graded, $G_R(x, x') = 0$ unless $h(x) \le h(x')$. 
 \end{lemma}
 
-Under the assumption of spatial homogeneity across the layer $L_t$ at late times $t \gg 1$, the random walk rapidly mixes within the causally connected future of the origin. The Green's function, measuring the probability density at a specific vertex $v_t \in L_t$, is inversely proportional to the layer volume:
+Under the assumption of spatial homogeneity across the layer $L_t$ at late times $t \gg 1$, the random walk rapidly mixes within the causally connected future of the origin. The Green's function, measuring the probability density at a specific vertex $v_t \in L_t$, is strictly bounded by the inverse layer volume. Therefore, there exist strictly positive constants $c_1, c_2 > 0$ such that for sufficiently large $t$:
 \begin{equation}
-G_R(v_0, v_t) \approx \frac{1}{|L_t|} \sim \frac{1}{t^{d-1}}.
+c_1 \frac{1}{t^{d-1}} \le G_R(v_0, v_t) \le c_2 \frac{1}{t^{d-1}}.
 \end{equation}
 
 \section{The Directed Pólya Theorem}
@@ -117,11 +117,11 @@ Let $\mathcal{P}$ be a graded poset of integer topological dimension $d \ge 1$ s
 Let $E_t$ be the event that the random walk intersects the distinguished chain at height $t$, meaning $X_t = v_t$ where $v_t \in \gamma$.
 The expected number of intersections $\mathbb{E}[I]$ over the infinite walk is given by the trace of the retarded Green's function along the chain:
 \begin{equation}
-\mathbb{E}[I] = \sum_{t=1}^\infty \mathbb{P}(E_t) = \sum_{t=1}^\infty G_R(v_0, v_t) \sim \sum_{t=1}^\infty \frac{1}{t^{d-1}}.
+c_1 \sum_{t=1}^\infty \frac{1}{t^{d-1}} \le \mathbb{E}[I] = \sum_{t=1}^\infty G_R(v_0, v_t) \le c_2 \sum_{t=1}^\infty \frac{1}{t^{d-1}}.
 \end{equation}
 This sum converges or diverges as a standard $p$-series with $p = d - 1$:
 \begin{enumerate}
-    \item If $d \ge 3$, then $p \ge 2 > 1$. The expected number of intersections is finite, $\sum G_R < \infty$. By the first Borel-Cantelli lemma, the probability that infinitely many events $E_t$ occur is strictly zero. The walk is strictly transient.
+    \item If $d \ge 3$ (where $d$ is restricted to integers), then $p \ge 2 > 1$. The expected number of intersections is finite, $\sum G_R \le c_2 \sum \frac{1}{t^{d-1}} < \infty$. By the first Borel-Cantelli lemma, the probability that infinitely many events $E_t$ occur is strictly zero. The walk is strictly transient.
     \item If $d \le 2$, then $p \le 1$. The expected number of visits diverges, $\sum G_R = \infty$. According to standard Markov chain potential theory~\cite{Woess2000}, a state (or distinguished chain) is recurrent if and only if the sum of the transition probabilities (the Green's function trace) diverges. Therefore, the walk is chain-recurrent with probability one.
 \end{enumerate}
 Therefore, stable chain-recurrence is strictly bounded to $d \le 2$.
@@ -137,7 +137,11 @@ The asymptotic combinatorics of generic posets are heavily constrained by the Kl
 As the number of vertices $N \to \infty$, almost all posets on $N$ elements are dominated by a 3-layer structure.
 \end{proposition}
 
-In this canonical K-R limit, the middle layer contains roughly $N/2$ vertices, while the top and bottom layers contain $N/4$ vertices each. As $N \to \infty$, the degree of any vertex scales as $\mathcal{O}(N)$. Consequently, generic posets explicitly fail the local-finiteness assumption required for stable diffusion. The number of covering relations (edges) between layers is maximal, meaning the graph conductance $\Phi$ is strictly bounded away from zero. 
+In this canonical K-R limit, the middle layer contains roughly $N/2$ vertices, while the top and bottom layers contain $N/4$ vertices each. As $N \to \infty$, the degree of any vertex scales as $\mathcal{O}(N)$. Consequently, generic posets explicitly fail the local-finiteness assumption required for stable diffusion. The number of covering relations (edges) between layers is maximal, meaning the graph conductance $\Phi$, formally defined as
+\begin{equation}
+\Phi = \min_{S \subset V, 0 < |S| \le |V|/2} \frac{|E(S, \bar{S})|}{\sum_{x \in S} \deg_{\mathrm{out}}(x)},
+\end{equation}
+is strictly bounded away from zero. 
 
 By Cheeger's inequality, a macroscopic graph conductance $\Phi$ implies a macroscopic spectral gap $\Delta$ in the discrete Laplacian. A macroscopic spectral gap forces extreme multi-path mixing; a random walk on an unstructured K-R poset will visit the maximal antichain in a single step, scattering its probability distribution uniformly over $\mathcal{O}(2^N)$ microstates.